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AM-11-04 Avoiding the Low Sulfur Diet – New Catalytic Ways to Cost-Effectively Reduce Product Sulfur and SOx Emissions
Alan Kramer Global FCC Additives Specialist Albemarle Ellicott City, MD
Format:
Electronic (digital download/no shipping)
Associate Member, International Member, Petrochemical Member, Refining Member -
$0.00
Government, NonMember -
$35.00
Description:
Environmental regulations for refineries and refined products are tightening worldwide. Though the pace of enforcement might differ from place to place, the trend is consistent: Emissions always need to be lowered and fuels must be cleaner. Unfortunately, sulfur will always be present – even if only in trace amounts – in the FCCU feed. This sulfur leaves the FCCU as H2S, product sulfur, or SOx. Since one cannot cut out all the sulfur from a refinery’s diet, measures must be taken to process and eliminate this sulfur in an environmentally responsible manner. The challenge becomes how to do this in the most cost-effective way possible. The last half of the first decade in the 21st century has not spared refiners from sulfur mitigation related economic challenges – with caustic price increases in 2008 and now rare earth price increases beginning in 2010. The caustic price challenge in 2008 was remarkable in that it brought refiners who had previously invested in wet gas scrubbers to mitigate SOx emissions back into the FCC additives arena since additives provided a lower-cost solution for those refiners who were able to take advantage of them. In 2010 and in the future, one might think that the tremendous increases in rare earth prices would eliminate additives as a viable cost-effective alternative. However that is not the case, because Albemarle has proven rare-earth free technologies already being used in the marketplace that lower fuel sulfur and mitigate SOx emissions from the FCCU.
Product Details:
Product ID: | AM-11-04 |
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Publication Year: | 2011 |