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ENV-11-43 Determining PM10 and PM2.5 Emission from Cooling Towers with Variable Total Dissolved Solids
Royal Smith ERM Ewing, NJ Andrew Woerner ERM Exton, PA Toby Hanna ERM Ewing, NJ
Format:
Electronic (digital download/no shipping)
Associate Member, International Member, Petrochemical Member, Refining Member -
$0.00
Government, NonMember -
$35.00
Description:
Cooling towers are an important part of refinery and power projects. However, New Source Review (NSR) air permitting requirements for fine particulate emissions have become a limiting factor in the permitting of new cooling towers. In “Calculating Realistic PM10 Emissions from Cooling Towers,” published in the July 2002 issue of Environmental Progress, Joel Reisman and Gordon Frisbie provide an approach for determining the portion of the total particulate emissions that is expected to be less than ten microns (PM10) and less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) at a given total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration. For air permitting purposes, applicants generally assume that maximum PM10, and PM2.5 emission rate will occur at the maximum TDS concentration However, with a closer look at the Reisman-Frisbie method, it can be shown that the emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 are not linear with respect to TDS. Indeed, the maximum potential emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 will generally occur at different TDS concentrations. In this paper, ERM demonstrates a novel and viable method for determining the maximum emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 for any mechanical draft wet cooling tower that aids in permitting and ensuring long-term compliance.
Product Details:
Product ID: | ENV-11-43 |
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Publication Year: | 2011 |