ENV-95-175 SLUDGE MINIMIZATION IN CRUDE OIL STORAGE TANKS

Description:

Most crude oil contains a considerable amount of emulsified water and solids when first produced. While the majority of the contaminants separate from the oil in the production treating equipment, there is always some residual amount that cannot be practically or economically removed. The residual water and solids are present as a very stable emulsion dispersed throughout the oil phase. The amount of contaminant present will vary with the type of oil but typically ranges from as little a 0.1% to several percent. Normally, the heavier the oil (lower API gravity), the higher the level of contamination. While some of this emulsion will settle in production crude oil storage facilities, much of it remains in the crude oil at the time of sale.